A LITTLE HISTORY
Since ancient times, water has aroused superstitious fear and interest in people at the same time. It was attributed mystical properties and inhabited by fairy-tale creatures: mermaids, mermen and other characters. In different parts of the world, religions arose that worshiped the sea gods: Anu, Ea, Neptune, Vatea, Ocean, Atargatis, Aphrodite, Kabira, Ishtar and others.
The first lovers of keeping aquatic life (aqua in Greek is water) were the ancient Egyptians and Chinese. The Chinese retain the right of the first breeders of aquarium fish, in particular the maintenance and breeding of goldfish carp, engaged in this business
for approximately 2 or 3 thousand years.
The first real aquarium with plants, golden and silver crucian carp was set up at home by the English scientist H. Ward in 1841. His compatriot E. Lankester was able to successfully breed three-spined sticklebacks in captivity in 1848. Thanks to the efforts of the French naturalist P. Carbonnier, exotic fish - cockerels and macropods - joined the domestic aquatic kingdom in 1874.
The aquarium keeping of fish and plants in Russia began with the First Acclimatization Exhibition in Moscow in 1863.
An aquarium (lat. aquarium) is a transparent container, unlike, for example, a terrarium, for the constant maintenance of aquatic organisms.
Most often, an aquarium refers to a home (indoor) aquarium for keeping aquarium fish at home; for technical reasons, the maximum volume of such an aquarium usually does not exceed one cubic meter. Public aquariums, designed to demonstrate aquatic flora and fauna to spectators and existing as part of zoos or as separate entertainment and educational institutions, can reach 7500 m³ in volume.
An aquarium can contain almost any living creature that naturally lives in water: marine and freshwater fish, plants, crustaceans, mollusks, amphibians, reptiles and corals.
To maintain biological balance in the aquarium, various devices are used: aerators, mechanical and biological filters, thermostats and much more. Aquarium science deals with the description of modeling an ecosystem in a closed artificial reservoir and various aspects of fish breeding.
History of creation and composition
The biography of the group began in July 1972. Boris Grebenshchikov (BG) together with Anatoly Gunitsky stood at its origins. The team remained without a name for some time. Friends walked together along the streets of Leningrad and went through phrases that could describe their work. The word “aquarium” appeared in my head by accident and immediately became familiar.
As is usually the case with young rock bands, things didn’t go beyond rehearsals. The musicians gave their first concert only in the spring of 1973 in Zelenogorsk, and then in the St. Petersburg restaurant “Tryum”. The artists received 50 rubles for their performance. The repertoire consisted of songs of his own composition and hits of The Beatles.
While the world is firmly on its head, I sit here with a guitar and think: what song should you sing now?
Posted by Boris Grebenshchikov on Wednesday, March 25, 2020
Boris Grebenshchikov, founder of the Aquarium group
During the existence of the group, the composition of the participants changed several times: 45 vocalists, 26 guitarists, 16 bassists, 35 drummers, 18 keyboard players and another 89 musicians playing wind and string instruments, who at one time had a hand in the group’s work . The first concerts “Aquarium” played with the following lineup: BG on guitar, Anatoly Gunitsky on drums, Alexander Tsatsanidi on bass guitar, Vadim Vasiliev on keyboards, and Valery Obgorelov regulated the sound.
At the beginning of the group’s creativity, a logo appeared - with a dot over the letter “A”. The soloist explained the idea of this point as follows: “The circle above A shows that this is not an ordinary, but a secret letter A.” Since then, the logo has changed only once - in the 1982 album Taboo, a question mark appeared at the end of Aquarium. He testified to difficult times in the team.
Content
- 1 Aquarium sizes
- 2 Classification 2.1 Size
- 2.2 Construction
- 2.3 Form
- 2.4 By water composition
- 2.5 By purpose
- 7.1 Aquarium fish 7.1.1 Characin fish
Music
The first album was released in 1974 and was called “The Temptation of the Holy Aquarium.” Until 1997, the recording was considered lost, but was re-released in 2001 as part of the “Prehistoric Aquarium”. But the 2nd plate, “Minuet for the Farmer,” was never found. In the spring of 1975, the 3rd collection “Parables of Count Diffuser” was published.
Aquarium made a loud statement about itself at the rock festival in Tbilisi in 1980. The musicians behaved shockingly and impudently on stage, which the jury members did not appreciate: during the performance, BG lay down on the stage, and they left the hall. Then the group was accused of homosexuality and incest. They learned about this assessment of the team’s creativity in Leningrad. Upon returning home, BG was fired from his job and demoted from the Komsomol.
The loss did not upset the leader of the group, and in January 1981 the 1st studio album “Blue Album” was released. The music had reggae influences. In the spring of the same year, for this collection, “Aquarium” was accepted into the ranks of the Leningrad rock club. Not wanting to stop there, six months later the guys released the disc “Triangle”, which was recorded in the manner of the Beatles’ Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.
Group "Aquarium" - "Train on Fire"
Over the next years, Aquarium, despite everything, released records. One of the band’s main hits and its calling card was the song “Rock and Roll is Dead” from the album “Radio Africa”.
The group's perseverance and audacity bore fruit - at the end of 1983 it was included in the top ten rock bands according to Moskovsky Komsomolets. “Aquarium” took 3rd place after “Dynamics” and “Time Machine”.
And in 1986, their work was included in the vinyl collection Red Wave, which was released in the USA in a circulation of 1.5 thousand copies. This fact gave impetus to the recognition of the group in the USSR - the first official, and not underground, album, “White Album,” was released. It combined musical works from “Day of Silver” and “Children of December”.
“Aquarium” began releasing music videos in 1988. In video versions, the group released their hits “Train on Fire”, “Moskovskaya Oktyabrskaya”, “Masha and the Bear”, “Brod” and many others.
Group "Aquarium" - "Golden City"
1987 can be considered the year of a radical turning point in the history of the team. Twice before this, the rock band performed on the “Musical Ring” program, and now the broadcast was broadcast on the first all-Union program. In March, Yunost magazine named Aquarium the best musical ensemble in the country, and BG the best musician. 5 songs of the group were “sounded” into Sergei Solovyov’s film “Assa”, and then released as a separate disc as a soundtrack.
Since 1988, the team went abroad and performed in Canada, however, often without an ideological inspirer - BG gave solo concerts in the USA. A year later, the English-language album Radio Silence was released, the film about the recording of which (“The Long Road Home”) was shown on MTV.
It was an unsuccessful attempt by Soviet rock musicians to conquer the West. BG signed a contract with CBS to release 8 records, but only Radio Silence was released. The musicians worked on the collection together with the then super-popular group Eurythmics, and Annie Lennox sang backing vocals, but the album took only 200th and 198th places in the English and American Billboard.
Aquarium - Alexander Kussul, Boris Grebenshchikov, Alexander Titov
Posted by Olga Gaidai. My World, My Love, My Life, My Dreams on Tuesday, December 10, 2013
Alexander Kussul, Boris Grebenshchikov and Alexander Titov in the group “Aquarium”
From that moment on, the “time of troubles” began in the history of the group. The guys created separate musical projects and tried to leave Aquarium. On March 14, 1991, at a concert at the Yubileiny Sports Palace in honor of the 10th anniversary of the Leningrad Rock Club, the group announced its dissolution.
In 1992, Aquarium 2.0 came together. They recorded 7 collections, including “Russian Album”, “Favorite Songs of Ramses IV”, etc. In 1997, news of the “death” of the musical group appeared again.
As part of the 3rd convocation of “Aquarium”, the musicians released the albums “Sister Chaos”, “Fisherman’s Songs”, ZOOM ZOOM ZOOM, etc. The artists actively gave concerts both in Russia and abroad: in France, Italy, Spain, Germany, India, Greece; systematically recorded new records and updated old compositions. In 2012, the group went on a tour dedicated, according to Grebenshchikov, to the “4000th anniversary of the group.”
Anatoly Gunitsky: today 61|https://13notes.info/7704 Anatoly Avgustovich Gunitsky is a Russian playwright, journalist,…
Posted by 13 Notes - Online Music Magazine on Tuesday, September 30, 2014
Founder of the Aquarium group Anatoly Gunitsky
Since 2015, the 4th convocation of the team has been giving concerts: now the team includes its permanent leader BG, Alexander Titov, Alexey Zubarev, Andrey Surotdinov, Brian Finnegan, Gleb Grebenshchikov, Liam Bradley and Konstantin Tumanov.
In October 2017, the rock band’s discography was expanded with the mini-album “Doors of Grass,” which included 3 songs from their early work, as well as new compositions recorded in Paris.
In 2020, the group pleased fans with the collections “Songs of George”, “Tribute” (covers), “Aquarium In Dub” (reggae style). The musicians have planned a tour of the cities of Russia, Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia. But in March, due to the difficult situation in the world, the band postponed concerts indefinitely. Aquarium's songs can be listened to on all streaming platforms: Apple Music, iTunes, Google Play, etc.
Cons of aquarium keeping
Such an exciting hobby also has several disadvantages, which it is advisable to be prepared for before purchasing an aquarium:
- Aquariums are a very expensive hobby. First of all, you need an aquarium, lighting, a filter, a heater, and only then a fish.
- All equipment must be plugged in 24/7, so be prepared for slightly higher electricity bills.
- Aquarium pets are not the usual inhabitants of our homes, which we can pick up and pet at any time. Aquarium fish will not greet you from work with a cheerful bark, unless they begin to scurry around the front window in search of food. To interact with aquatic pets in some way, you can teach them to be hand-fed, and some large species, such as American cichlids, can even allow themselves to be petted. Owners rarely become attached to small fish, so they can be easily replaced if they die.
- In home aquariums, phenomena often occur after which potential aquarists give up - the water has become cloudy or has bloomed, plants have not taken root, an infection has been introduced with a new fish or food, etc. For some, such events prompt them to give it away or throw it in the garage, while others strive to improve and learn new things.
- Purchasing large containers is often associated with risks - a leaking seam, incorrect installation, a crack - and the entire contents spilled onto the floor. You need to be prepared for such disasters: the aquarium must be constantly monitored, sometimes preventative work must be carried out, and some owners of excessively large tanks even insure them against accidents.
- If you are purchasing an aquarium for a child, then before this event you need to have a conversation with him, in which you need to talk about the burden of responsibility and make sure that the young naturalist’s intentions are serious. In any case, you need to be prepared for the fact that maintenance of the underwater world can fall entirely on your shoulders.
There were some horror stories in this case. Some people who are especially obsessed with cleanliness try to attribute to the aquarium the title of a breeding ground for dangerous microbes, which must be approached almost in a sealed protective suit. Of course, none of this is true.
"Aquarium" now
“Aquarium” tries to keep up with the times and informs fans about its plans and news on the band’s official website, where you can find song lyrics, photos of musicians, news and the current concert schedule.
Group "Aquarium" - "Queen Anne's Revenge"
On the eve of 2021, the group released their 23rd studio album “Thor”. The collection includes 9 songs, 7 of which the musicians have already performed at concerts or released as separate singles: “Queen Anne’s Revenge”, “Boy-Baba”, etc. The exceptions were the tracks “Bernie and Ciaran” and “News from the Champs-Elysees”, which presented for the first time within the album.
According to Grebenshchikov, the album was intended to collect unreleased songs and Internet singles from the last 10 years. Since the collection was compiled from diverse compositions, the musicians carried out the necessary processing to turn the existing material into a coherent story about today.
The circulation of substances in the aquarium[edit | edit code]
Nitrogen exchange in an aquarium: (1) Food, (2) Ammonia, (3) Nitrites, (4) Nitrates, (5) Water, (6) Lighting, (7) Fertilizers, (8) Oxygen, (9) Carbon dioxide Nitrogen cycle
- When fish eat protein feed, they release urea and uric acid.
- Bacteria convert urea and uric acid into ammonia (NH3).
- Nitrite bacteria convert ammonia into nitrites (NO2 salts).
- Nitrate bacteria convert nitrites into nitrates (NO3 salts).
- Plants absorb ammonia and nitrates.
Cycle of oxygen and carbon dioxide
- During the process of respiration, fish absorb oxygen O2 and release carbon dioxide CO2.
- Plants, under the influence of light during photosynthesis, absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. In the absence of lighting, during breathing, on the contrary: they absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
Discography
- 1981 — “Blue Album”
- 1981 — “Triangle”
- 1981 — “Electricity. History of the Aquarium - Volume 2"
- 1981 — “Acoustics. History of the Aquarium - Volume 1"
- 1982 — “Taboo”
- 1983 - Radio Africa
- 1984 — “Ichthyology”
- 1984 — “Silver Day”
- 1986 — “Children of December”
- 1986 — “Ten Arrows”
- 1987 — “Equinox”
- 1988 - “Our life from the point of view of trees”
- 1990 — “Feudalism”
- 1992 - “Russian Album”
- 1993 — “Favorite songs of Ramses IV”
- 1996 — “Snow Lion”
- 1997 — “Hyperborea”
- 2003 — “Songs of a Fisherman”
- 2005 - ZOOMZOOMZOOM
- 2009 — “Pushkinskaya, 10”
- 2013 — “Aquarium Plus”
- 2018 — “Time N”
- 2020 — “Sign of Fire”
- 2020 - Thor
Clips
- 1985 — “Dreams”
- 1986 — “Moving On”
- 1986 — “Children of December”
- 1988 — “Thirst”
- 1990 — “Don’t stand in the way of high feelings”
- 1993 — “Fifteen Naked Women”
- 1995 - “Garson No. 2”
- 1996 — “Old Russian melancholy”
- 1999 — “Masha and the Bear”
- 2002 — “Brod”
- 2005 — “Zoom Zoom Zoom”
- 2005 — “I can’t take my eyes off you”
- 2006 — “Words of a Rastaman”
- 2007 - “Mom, I can’t drink anymore”
- 2008 - “What should we do with a drunken sailor?”
- 2013 — “Have me, have me”
- 2015 — “Scorched whiskey and crushed chalk”
- 2016 — “Songs of the Unloved”
- 2016 — “Dog Waltz”
Recommendations
- ↑ and
- Josquin Debaze, Rayonnement du CNRS, number 58, pages 70–75, spring 2012
- (in) Vernon N. Kisling, A History of the Zoo and Aquarium: Collections of Ancient Animals in Zoological Gardens
, CRC Press, 2001 (ISBN) - ↑ and (ru) Bernd Brunner, The Ocean at Home: An Illustrated History of the Aquarium, New York, Princeton Architectural Press, 2003, 1st ed. , 143 pp. (ISBN 978-1-56898-502-2, LCCN), page 99
- (in) Colette Wabnitz - UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, , UNEP / Earthprint - 2003 (ISBN)
- (in) Gina Sanford, Aquarium Owner's Guide, New York, DK Publishing, 1999, 1st ed. , 256 pp. (ISBN 978-0-7894-4614-5, OCLC, LCCN), pp. 9-13
- (in) Vinson Brown, Exploring Nature through Outdoor Projects: 36 Strategies for Making the Natural Environment Your Own Laboratory
, Stackpole Books - 1983 (ISBN) - ↑ and (ru) John H. Tulloch, Freshwater Aquarium Models: Recipes for Beautiful Aquariums that Thrive
, John Wiley and Sons, 2006 (ISBN) - Robert Allgaier, The Visual Encyclopedia of the Aquarium
, Artemis Editions - 2007 (ISBN) - Jean Pelmont, Biodegradation and Metabolism: Bacteria for Environmental Technologies
, EDP Sciences - 2005 (ISBN) - ↑ and Dominique Grandjean - Caroline Efrati - Nicolas Pizzinat, A Guide for Animal Care Professionals
, Educagri Éditions - 2003 (ISBN) - Alain Breitenstein, Freshwater Aquarium Maintenance
, Artemis Editions - 2007 (ISBN) - (in) Freshwater Aquariums
for Dummies
by Maddy Hargrove and Mick Hargrove , For Dummies - 2006 (ISBN) - Jean-Louis Koequemel, A Little Beginner's Guide to Maintaining
Small
Reef Aquarium (ISBN)
Equipment[edit | edit code]
Main types of aquarium equipment:
- Lighting
is necessary for the life of plants and animals, and for inspecting the aquarium. - Heater with thermostat
- water heating. - Aquarium thermometer
- visual control of water temperature. - Aerator (air compressor)
- enriches water with oxygen from atmospheric air. - Aquarium filter
- purification of water from mechanical impurities and organic impurities.
Optional equipment:
- Device for supplying CO2 (carbon dioxide)
- to ensure optimal conditions for plant growth. - Automatic fish feeder
- for automatically supplying dosed portions of food at a certain time.
Literature[edit | edit code]
- Glazer S.I., Plonsky V.D.
Unusual aquarium. - M.: Knowledge, 1988. - 192 p. — ISBN 5-07-000029-2. - Mailand Hans J.
Aquarium and its inhabitants. - M.: BMM, 2000. - 288 p. — ISBN 5-88353-063-1. - Makhlin M. D.
Entertaining aquarium. - M.: Food Industry, 1967. - 304 p. - Frey G.
Your aquarium = Aquarienpraxis kurz gefast (1962) / trans. with him. - St. Petersburg: AKKA, 1992. - 126 p. — ISBN 5-88174-064-5. - 10,000 tips for an aquarist / Author-comp. N. V. Belov. - Minsk: Modern writer, 2000. - 608 p. — ISBN 985-456-455-X.
- Kochetov A. M.
Exotic fish. - Moscow: Timber Industry, 1988. - 239 p. — ISBN 5-7120-0086-5.
