Cameroon (Plagiochilaceae sp. Cameroon) - aquarium liver moss

Content

In aquaculture, Cameroon moss is considered one of the most beautiful leafy liverworts; in appearance it is similar to royal moss, but differs in that its leaves are larger.
Also, this moss in its appearance resembles an unusually beautiful fern bush. Soft branches reach 5-8 mm in width and up to 10 cm in length. The moss shoots are covered with many small round leaves. The leaves are green in various shades, and sometimes they are even transparent. Aquatic moss can be kept in any light, from very dim to unbearably bright. The speed and direction of plant growth depend on the choice of illumination level. For example, in bright light, moss grows predominantly horizontally, but develops more slowly. Dim light, in turn, promotes faster growth and vertical arrangement of branches. The most comfortable temperature for moss in aquarium water ranges from 15 to 28C. Moss will grow best in clean, clear water of soft to medium hardness, so it is worth periodically carrying out high-quality filtration. Because the dregs settled on the leaves retard growth and significantly worsen the appearance of the plant, its presence in the water should be reduced to a minimum. It is necessary to achieve hardness readings in the range of kH 0-9. It is recommended to ensure an acidity level within the pH range of 5.5-7.5.

Although the plant is not whimsical, a fairly important factor in its growth is the addition of macro- and microfertilizers, as well as Co2, to the aquarium, otherwise their lack can lead to the shoots becoming narrow and pale. If you follow all the recommendations, you can count on the fact that the moss will quickly increase to the desired size, become more luxuriant, and the color will reach a beautiful green hue.

Moss Hanegoke Sp. Cameroon

First, it is necessary to clarify the fact that this moss has two fairly common names.
Option Hanegoke Sp. Cameroon is the original name of the plant used by the Japanese and Chinese. The German version for the same moss is Plagiochila integerrima. In the post-Soviet space, specialists involved in the breeding and distribution of aquarium mosses most often use the name Hanegoke Sp. to avoid confusion. Cameroon, and in slang this vegetation can simply be called “Cameroon moss”. Hanegoke Sp. Cameroon is a fairly large leaf-stem moss. In terms of its external characteristics, it is quite similar to Amblystegiaceae sp. "Manaus" - Queen moss. The difference lies in the size of the leaves, Hanegoke Sp. Cameroon is much larger.

Among the features of the content, the following parameters should be noted: water temperature 15-28°C, KH 4-9°, pH 5.5-7. Depending on the light intensity, the moss Hanegoke Sp. Cameroon has different growth rates and branch placement directions. In bright light, moss grows slowly and practically spreads along the bottom. In the absence of bright lighting and CO2 supply, moss branches grow more intensely and stretch upward.

Moss planting plan Hanegoke Sp. Cameroon is determined by the role it plays in the aquarium. With the traditional approach, Cameroonian moss is grown onto driftwood, stones or other decorations. The compositions obtained in this way can be placed in the water space at your discretion.

Good growth of this moss to the substrate was noted, which makes it suitable for keeping in a paludarium.

If the goal of the aquarist is to create a ground cover from moss Hanegoke Sp. Cameroon, horizontal growth can only be achieved in very strong lighting. By the way, this moss is not very suitable for creating a variant creeping along the bottom. Firstly, with this approach, when the moss grows, its lower branches turn yellow and weaken, which leads to the moss being torn off. The intense “bubbling” of vegetation also has a negative effect on bottom anchorage. The dressing process (without it it is impossible to achieve an even cover) is a very labor-intensive manipulation, during which turbidity certainly rises in the aquarium, which spoils the home aquatic world for a long time. In addition, creating a beautiful bottom mat of uniform color requires almost daily jewelry work with scissors to remove yellowed twigs.

Boarding procedure

Before the procedure, be sure to disinfect the container with a 3% solution of potassium permanganate. These manipulations are required for the safety of aquarium inhabitants. Then the mossy layer is placed on the bottom surface - be it soil, stones or driftwood. In this case, the layer must be thin, otherwise the rhizoids may die.

Planting Java moss is very easy if you use fishing line or netting. The part of the “plantation” is tied to the selected surface with fishing line for a week, or the plant is simply attached with some kind of weight for the same period.

If you want to create a beautiful background of an aquarium from a plant, then take a mesh with large cells and perform the following steps:

1. Make two blanks of the same size from it (they must correspond to the dimensions of the back wall of the container).
2. Then they move on to assembling the “sandwich”: branches of moss are laid out on the first part of the mesh, then covered with the second part and tied with fishing line.
3. The resulting frame is then secured to the rear wall of the tank using suction cups. There should be no gaps, otherwise small fish may get caught in them and become entangled.

In general, Java moss is an unpretentious plant suitable for decorating any aquarium. Its ability to live simultaneously in air and in water attracts many, in addition, the plant can be used to create a beautiful transition from a sand zone to a plant area.

The plant is suitable for beginners who want to practice compositional techniques. After all, there is a minimum of hassle from maintaining Javanese moss, but maximum aesthetic pleasure. REPRODUCTION

• Java moss propagation: by dividing its colony into parts. Java moss can be cultivated not only in an aquarium, but also in a greenhouse or conservatory. The surface form of Java moss is more decorative than the aquatic one. It is better to dry the plant from time to time in order to combat the aquatic plants that appear on its leaves.
• Placement, planting in an aquarium: it performs two functions in an aquarium - utilitarian and decorative.
  Java moss is an indispensable assistant in fish breeding. Thanks to its own loofah-like structure, the plant is excellent for the spawning of many species of fish. As for the decorative potential of Java moss, its implementation can only be limited by the imagination and experience of the aquarist. A common method is moss on rocks and driftwood. The moss is supported on a support using a narrow fishing line or cotton thread, which rots over time. The plant should be laid very carefully, branch to branch in one layer, and wrapped very firmly, without gaps. At first, the moss is not very neat and looks great, but after a month it takes on an even more well-groomed appearance. You can also decorate the back wall of the aquarium with Java moss, placing it behind a fixed coarse mesh made from a small fishing line. You can decorate the bottom of the aquarium in the same way. Proper design of the aquarium helps to achieve a stunning visual effect. Javanese can be used to decorate the back wall of an aquarium.
• To do this you will need to measure the area of ​​the wall.

Then you need to select a plastic mesh of the same size. Before use, rinse the mesh thoroughly with water.

• Java moss is attached over the entire area of ​​the mesh using synthetic thread or thin fishing line.
• Suction cups are placed on all corners of the mesh, with the help of which it is installed on the wall of the aquarium.
• The mesh is carefully lowered into the water and attached to the wall of the aquarium using suction cups.

Although the back wall of the aquarium is often chosen for decoration, you can decorate any wall with moss by placing it under a tightly secured mesh.

For the second decoration method you will need a coconut.

• It is necessary to break off the top of the nut and pour out the coconut juice.
• Divide the coconut into two parts and remove the pulp from each of them.
• Next, cook the peeled half in boiling water for half an hour.
• Let the coconut cool and drill a few holes in the shell using a drill.
• Secure the Javan with synthetic thread or fishing line and place the half in the aquarium.

Coconut will not only be an excellent element of aquarium decor, but also a home for fish!

Mr. Tail recommends: varieties of aquarium mosses

Conventionally, based on where they grow, mosses are divided into three large groups:

• Antocerova. Distinguished by its leaves in the form of plates, this species most often grows in tropical zones.
• Liverworts. This is the most widespread moss, found everywhere. These plants have small and delicate leaves and minimal height.
• Leafy. A very large group that includes the following mosses: Andreevy, Brievy, Sphangate.

Here we consider only some of the varieties of mosses that are most often used in modern aquarium farming for decorating artificial reservoirs.

Riccia

This floating plant lacks stems and leaves. A conventional bush consists of small intertwined plates. If Riccia floating is planted on the bottom of a tank, it quickly creates a dense green carpet in which fry like to hide and many species of underwater inhabitants spawn.

A healthy plant has a light green color; when the conditions deteriorate, the plates acquire a reddish tint. Requires good lighting and low water hardness.

In nature, it grows everywhere, but is most often found in temperate climate zones.

Taiwanese mosses

The scientific name of these aquatic plants is Riccardia chamedrifolia. They were discovered for the first time only in 2005 in Taiwan; in addition, they also grow in South American reservoirs.

In general, this is an unpretentious aquarium plant, but to prevent rotting of the lower layers, it must be trimmed regularly.

This liver creeping species is densely green in color with fleshy stem-legs, barely reaching a height of 4 cm, loves bright light and additional replenishment of carbon dioxide.

Moss Phoenixes

They have the second name Fontanus because of the peculiar shape of the plant, similar to a fountain. They belong to the Fissidentaceae and have more than four hundred species. The word "Fissidens" is translated as "dissected tooth."

The homeland of the species is North America, but now it grows widely in Africa, Europe, Japan, and Thailand. This is where the name Phoenix came from because of the comparison of the bush with the bushy tail of a bird of paradise.

Narrow leaves up to 2 mm in length, bush height about 2-3 cm.

It grows very slowly, loves clean water, but does not need feeding or securing, and easily takes root on any surface.

Java Mosses

They belong to the Hypnidae family. The homeland of the species is Malaysia, India, Java.

The blade of small (0.5 cm) leaves is narrow and pointed, light green in young shoots, darker in an adult bush, reaching a height of 15-17 cm.

Instead of roots, Java mosses have rhizoids. These are special formations that stick to any surface and allow Moss to firmly attach itself.

Mosses of Pelia

Or Monosolenium tenerum, which belong to the hepatic class of mosses. They are very similar to Floating Riccia in structure, but in nature they grow mainly in Asian reservoirs.

Easily forms spherical bushes with leaves 5-10 mm wide and up to 2 cm long, there are rhizoid suckers.

Does not require special fertilizing and fertilizers, it is fragile.

Exotic decorative mosses

This group of moss-like plants is not so widespread among amateurs; they are most often used in their work by aquascapers.

Key mosses

Fontinalis hypnoides belongs to the Rodnikov family. They are distinguished by their rare beauty and effectiveness. Distributed everywhere, they do not grow only on the Australian continent.

Aquarists often transplant Key mosses from local rivers, lakes and ponds into artificial home ponds. This type of aquatic plant grows in dark green lacy thickets and serves as an excellent decoration and refuge for young fish.

The stems of Moss are branched and, under optimal aquatic conditions, reach 50-60 cm in length. The leaves are oval-shaped, pointed towards the end of the plate. Its dimensions are 10x5 mm.

The color and shape of Key mosses depend on environmental conditions; their color can range from dark green to deep red.

Rhizoids, replacing roots, allow algae to attach to any surface without directly needing soil, and receive nutrients.

To fix it, just press Moss onto an uneven porous surface and leave it there for 3-4 months.

The periods of active growth of the plant are seasonal, it grows quickly in the summer, subject to a temperature of +24...+29 °C, and in the winter it needs rest at +10...+12 °C. It is for this reason that not every aquarist can breed this Moss; if this condition is not met, then next spring the algae will simply die.

Acidity and hardness are not so important, but in soft water Key moss develops better. A clean environment and the correct choice of fish in the aquarium are important.

Characins, carp-toothed and small viviparous ones are preferable, but large ones and catfish, digging through the bottom filler, can destroy the plant.

The lighting should be dim and diffused, covering the moss from direct sunlight, which is harmful to the sprouts. Daylight hours should not be longer than 10-12 hours.

Christmas mosses

Christmas-Moss are so named because the young shoots resemble the branches of a Christmas tree, growing downward and overlapping each other.

The homeland of the species is tropical Asian reservoirs and their shaded areas. The leaf blades are round in shape, their tips are short and pointed.

The original walls in the aquarium, grown from Christmas mosses, look beautiful.

Moss Flame

Flame Moss belongs to Taxiphyllum (thalli). The leaves of an adult plant curl and resemble a candle flame in their shape. The intensity of the curl is related to the hardness of the water. This type of Asian plant is unpretentious in terms of conditions and reproduces easily.

It has long, spirally twisting stems, growing up to 8-9 cm in height and 10-11 cm to the sides.

To fix Moss Flame to decoration elements, it must be attached using fishing line, thread or fine mesh. After just 14 days, the plant begins to grow rapidly, and stones and driftwood with sprouts can be moved, creating interesting compositions.

This type of Moss needs clean water with a temperature of +19...+28 °C, hardness 5-10 dH, acidity 5.5-8 pH. You cannot plant a plant in a newly launched aquarium; it is better to place it in an “old” tank with an established aquatic environment.

They go well with shrimp, excellent cleaners of plant branches from lower algae and suspended matter. Feeding with carbon dioxide and a slight flow in the tank is ideal; it does not like silting.

Weeping mosses

Vesicularia ferriei - Weeping Moss or Weepings are quite often used in modern aquarium keeping. It grows, living up to its name, resembling streams of tears.

The homeland of the species is China, the maximum height of the bush is small (up to 3-4 cm), and the width is slightly larger (5-6 cm).

The plant is secured with fishing line or netting most often on decorative elevations, since weeping branches look better this way.

Adaptation takes several weeks. Moss needs low light, temperature +21...+28 °C, carbonate hardness 3-8 kH, acidity 7-9 pH, excellent filtration, replenishment with carbon dioxide and mineral fertilizers. In addition, to preserve the lower shoots, regular pruning is preferable.

Cameroon mosses

Plagiochilaceae sp. Cameroon moss comes from the black continent. It belongs to the Liver mosses and is perhaps their most outstanding and spectacular species due to its small oval leaves and neatly shaped bushes. This very unassuming variety recognizes good lighting and loves to be fed with carbon dioxide. The quality and intensity of light allow Cameroon to acquire various variable modifications in color and shape.

These are fairly large leaf-stemmed mosses that easily grow to any surface and form lush bushes that serve as a biofilter for the tank and a refuge for small fish and juveniles.

Optimal temperature is +21…+28 °C, illumination not lower than 75 Lm/l, carbonate hardness 0-8 kH, acidity 5-7 pH.

A clean and transparent water environment is needed, which is ensured by good filtration and frequent fluid changes.

Cameroon grows quite slowly; mineral fertilizing can speed up this process, but it is important not to allow its excess.

Singapore mosses

Singapore Moss (Vesicularia dubyana) is an inexpensive and already quite common Asian Moss, very similar to Java Moss.

The bush is elongated, pale green in color, triangular branches are feathery, creeping. These are very hardy mosses; their land varieties survive even under the scorching rays of the sun.

It is unpretentious in terms of hardness and acidity of the aquatic environment, but does not like strong lighting. When fertilized with mineral fertilizers and carbon dioxide, it grows quickly. The desired temperature is within +17…+28 °C.

If you cut a twig or break off part of the bush, then this fragment will easily take root on any substrate.

Carpet mosses

Griff Moss is quite capricious in terms of keeping conditions, grows very slowly, does not like strong light (blackening of the leaf blade occurs), and responds well to the supply of carbon dioxide. It easily takes root on any surface and reproduces.

Anchor mosses

Anchor Moss belongs to Taxiphyllum. They grow slowly, do not adhere to surfaces, and are attached using rhizoids. The optimal temperature is within +14...+28 °C, acidity 4.5-7.5 pH, any illumination and carbon dioxide replenishment.

Brazilian mosses

Brasil Moss is named after its native habitat. They are very rare in modern aquarium keeping, as they have been studied very little.

Optimal maintenance conditions are water temperature +14...+26 °C, acidity 5.5-8 pH, hardness 1-24 dH, moderate or slightly higher illumination. It is characterized by slow and difficult growth in artificial reservoirs.

Blepharostomy mosses

Blepharostoma trichophyllum has been studied very little and is poorly distributed in modern aquariums. The optimal water temperature is +19…+26 °C, area 6-7.5 dH, any acidity and degree of illumination.

Chinese mosses

China-moss are still widely distributed in aquariums only in their native country of growth; they have been little studied and are extremely rare.

standing mosses

Erect Moss got its name due to the fact that the stems of the bushes take a vertical position under water, standing in columns. They love bright lighting, clean water, and feeding with carbon dioxide.

Application

In landscape design, the popularity of evergreen perennials is explained by the unique properties of moss. Let's list just some of them:

Practicality. This is an unpretentious plant, not demanding on soil composition, fertilizers and light conditions. It is grown where other greens will not take root. Many designers choose moss because it is difficult for weeds to penetrate through its dense cushion.

Vitality. Any type of bryophyte easily takes root on stone. Therefore, a common technique is to create mossy sculptures, fountains, borders, and waterfalls. With their help, they create an atmosphere of antiquity and emphasize the pristine beauty of nature.

Diseases and pests

Mosses are very hardy and unpretentious plants, not susceptible to diseases and pests. They can suffer from gross violation of maintenance conditions, untimely pruning of dead fragments and incorrectly selected neighboring flora and fauna.

Lower forms of algae, such as blue-green and blackbeard, pose a particular danger to moss grass.

At the very beginning of the growth of these parasites, Mosses can be saved by moving them to another tank and introducing shrimp to them. The main aquarium needs to be thoroughly disinfected and restarted.

Preparation of material

The creation of a decorative moss cover begins with the collection of materials. You can purchase ready-made seedlings in the store or prepare them yourself. In both cases, follow a few rules:

• Choose mature specimens - this way there is a better chance that they will survive transportation and planting well.
• Handle the moss carefully - do not damage the root shoots. If the plant is collected in the forest, it is slightly dug up and taken out of the ground.
• For various purposes, your own moss is preferable. To improve lawns, look for ground cover species, and to decorate trees, look for those that grow on trunks.

Triangle moss / Cratoneuron filicinium

Mosses are a special department of the plant kingdom, which has more than 10,000 species. They can easily be considered one of the most ancient inhabitants of our planet; they appeared more than 300 million years ago. In their natural habitat, mosses prefer damp, swampy places.

In home aquariums, it is customary to use moss as a unique ornamental plant that perfectly complements the aquarium and serves as a beautiful background. Since most species of moss cannot grow to the substrate on their own, experts recommend tying them to decorations with thin nylon fishing line or cotton thread. They are practically invisible in the aquarium, and as the mosses grow, they will completely disappear from view under the leaves. Thus, mosses form bizarre shapes and forms, complementing the aquarium in an original way.

In thickets of mosses a suitable environment is formed for the growth and development of fry. Triangular moss serves as reliable protection for various types of small fish and shrimp. Many fish prefer to spawn there.

Triangle moss (Cratoneuron filicinium) is a beautiful, unpretentious plant with long branches that are shaped like an equilateral triangle. This species has long been widespread among amateur aquarists. It grows very well to the substrate and has a unique shape, which is why it got its name.

The conditions for keeping triangular moss are in many ways similar to other heat-loving species. Thus, the water temperature can fluctuate from 18 to 28 degrees, KH 0-9°. pH 5-8. The growth rate is average, however, under favorable conditions and appropriate care, an increase in growth was observed.

Editorial: Barbus black

Mosses are unique and complex plants, so not every aquarist will grow them. To successfully breed this group, you must have great work skills, general knowledge and specificity. If you have set yourself the task of breeding mosses, you will definitely need the help of qualified specialists in this field. You can buy moss for your aquarium in an online store or a specialized store in your city. Be sure to check the condition and quality of the purchased moss, and also make sure that it is free of snails, algae and debris.

Algae often appears in the aquarium. Everyone faces this problem: both beginners and experienced aquarists. Algae not only spoils the appearance of the aquarium, but also has a detrimental effect on many vegetation, including moss. This problem must be dealt with. First of all, you need to find the cause of these weeds; to do this, carry out the necessary analyzes and tests. Perhaps it is a matter of imbalance in the water. By fixing the problem, you will save yourself and your water “home” from unnecessary worries.

Cameroon moss

Cameroon moss ajnj
Cameroon moss (Plagiochilaceae sp. Cameroon moss) is a decorative moss for aquariums that came to us from Africa. Cameroon is one of the most beautiful and largest leafy liver mosses in the aquarium hobby. Moss branches have many small rounded leaves; as the moss grows, it creates very beautiful bushes. The plant is unpretentious, but loves good lighting and CO2 supply. Depending on the light intensity, Cameroon moss has variable rates and directions.

Cameroon moss ajnj

Cameroon moss is a rather large, luxurious leaf-stem moss. This moss can create a beautiful appearance in an aquarium. The plant grows well to substrates, due to which it can be planted on stones, snags, lava and other decorations. Moss will help you create a unique and most original design of the underwater world. The bright color and large leaves of this moss add variety to the interior of any aquarium. Lush bushes will not only stand out among the plants, but will also serve as a home for fish and shrimp.

Cameroon moss ajnj

To maintain Cameroon moss, the recommended water temperature in the aquarium is from 22 to 27°C. Moss loves intense lighting from 70 Lm/l, which significantly accelerates it, but can also grow in aquariums with moderate lighting. In stronger light it spreads horizontally, in low light it grows upward. Water hardness should be within kH 0-9°, recommended water acidity pH 5.5-7.5.

Cameroon moss ajnj

For normal development of moss, the water in the aquarium must be clean and transparent, so you should regularly filter and change the water. In order to improve living conditions, it is necessary to supply CO2 and other macro and micro fertilizers , due to which the moss increases in size, becomes more lush and acquires a beautiful green color.

Filtration in an aquarium with mosses. An important issue when arranging a moss garden is high-quality filtration. Mosses do not tolerate excess organic matter and mechanical turbidity. The water in an aquarium with mosses must be perfectly clean. At the same time, excessive filtration (blowing) will also not contribute to the good health of mosses.

An important bonus of external filters is the “flute” attachment. Its use in an aquarium with mosses allows you to evenly distribute the flow of water and this is very important! After all, due to strong currents, Cameroon moss “disintegrates” and does not grow.

In addition, installing a small internal filter with padding polyester filler will completely remove the slightest suspended matter.

Lighting in an aquarium with mosses. Like any representatives of the plant world, mosses love powerful lighting. If the lighting meets the proper characteristics, the mosses look lush and have a rich color. At the same time, most aquarium mosses cannot be called overly demanding in terms of lighting. And that’s why even beginners can handle them. Specific lighting power parameters for each aquarium are individual, the average value at which mosses feel good is ~ 0.5 Watt/liter or ~ 30-40 Lm/liter.

At the same time, it should be said that too much lighting will require the aquarist to pay more attention to the aquarium, as it can cause an algae outbreak.

Fertilizers for an aquarium with mosses. Cameroon moss does not need root feeding, precisely because it does not have a root system. They take all micro and macro fertilizers from water. As a direct feed for mosses, you can use liquid fertilizers - Tetra PlantaPro Macro , Tetra PlantaPro Micro .

An important issue in the arrangement of moss gardens is the supply of CO2. Perhaps this is the most important fertilizer that any plant needs. In practice, it is known that many mosses are able to grow and develop without the supply of carbon dioxide. However, the proper concentration of CO2 will be favorably received by mosses. For these purposes, you can use mash or CO2 cylinders, or Tetra CO2 plus . Objectively, of course, Tetra CO2 plus cannot replace the supply of CO2 through a cylinder or brew. Nevertheless, it copes with the function declared by the manufacturer. It is also good that TetraCO2 plus is not an algaecide.

To conclude this question, it is worth saying that mosses grow quite slowly, so the processes of their consumption of fertilizers are “slow”. From this we conclude that it is important not to allow an excess of fertilizers in the moss garden - “less is better, but more.”

All of the above is just the fruit of observing this type of aquarium plant and collecting various information from owners and breeders. We would like to share with visitors not only information, but also live emotions that allow us to understand the world of aquariums more fully and subtly. Register on, participate in discussions on the forum, create profile topics where you will talk about your aquatic organisms in the first person and first-hand, describe their content features, share with us your successes and joys, share your experience and learn from the experience of others. We are interested in every bit of your experience, every second of your joy, every awareness of a mistake, which makes it possible for your comrades to avoid the same mistake. The more of us there are, the more pure and transparent drops of goodness there are in the life and everyday life of our seven billion society.

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PRACTICAL NOTE ON GROWING AQUARIUM PLANTS

This note is posted in all FanFishka articles dedicated to aquarium plants. This is a cheat sheet with a link that will help you grow any aquarium plant and herbalist of any complexity.

Most of the reference materials are located in the Aquascape , we also recommend our brochure: Aquarium navigator for beginners: “Underwater Gardens of Babylon” .

The formula for success in growing plants can be depicted as follows.

First of all, the proper level of lighting is necessary.

(light intensity - Lumens)

Next, the proper concentration of CO2

Further macro-fertilizers and micro-fertilizers

Water parameters, care and quality water changes

The gradation of this formula is based on the degree of importance. Lighting intensity is primary, and then descending. Therefore, if your plants have holes in the leaves, they have sciatica (crooked) or there are problems with algae, then please do not read the “bad advice” - this is chlorosis (lack of iron), this is a lack of potassium... diarrhea, phimosis and endometriosis )

You always need to solve the problem of setting up an herbalist from major to minor. Plants will die more quickly from a lack of lighting than from a lack of Fe and K. Moreover, the latter are always present in one degree or another in the aquarium, but it is difficult to measure their precise value.

Below, let's go from the main to the minor.

Lighting in an aquarium with plants . Remember, the most important thing in light is its intensity (Lumens)! All other lighting characteristics: spectrum, Kelvin, PAR/PAR, Ra... are important, but secondary. There will be no intensity of lighting, there will be nothing. At the same time, the lighting intensity must be balanced - selected specifically for your project (height of the water column, number and types of plants, daylight hours).

Based on the above, choose aquarium lighting primarily by the number of lumens, and then everything else.

Lighting is the most expensive part. The most budget-friendly solution is to install ordinary construction-street floodlights above the aquarium . Fortunately, they are now very thin and aesthetic. And believe me, under them everything grows with a bang, of course, provided that all the other components are present.

In order not to be unfounded, here are photos of our herbalists, which were grown exclusively under LED spotlights or with their presence.

If you want professional lighting or aesthetics. Then you will have to fork out some money. The amounts can vary quickly from 10,000 to 50,000+ rubles for a 100 liter aquarium. For example, in 2021 we switched to professional lighting - ISTA Titan . Yes, not cheap, but the lamps are Achon! We have grown a professional competitive aquascape under them. That’s why we advise you to pay attention to them.

Well, it’s difficult to advise anything, because... Everyone has different needs and capabilities. In this article we talk about the products of our partners - Tetra , Laguna , ISTA lighting .

We tried to briefly and objectively talk about them. Then it's up to you. In any case, we do not really recommend that you pay attention to handicraft lighting assembly from folk craftsmen. Not all, but as a rule, they shove who knows what kind of diodes into such an assembly, assemble it all on their knees... and believe me, more than once on the forum you hear echoes of the consequences of such a purchase. After all, a company is a company. At a minimum, you are given warranty and post-warranty service.

If you are a beginner, your first herbalist, then LED spotlights are your choice. Let's move on, otherwise this note isn't very short =)

CO2 for aquarium plants . The plant is approximately 90% water, the remaining 10% is dry matter. Of that 10%, 46% is carbon. This is why CO2 supply is so important in a planted aquarium.

Plants in an aquarium obtain carbon “from water” - from carbon-containing compounds. But the natural concentration of C-carbon in water is small and is only sufficient for unpretentious plants, but they, and even more so, will be happy with additional carbon feeding. The supply of CO2 can be provided using mash or a CO2 balloon system , lemon juice or other methods.

The best, professional, simple and budget option is to supply carbon dioxide through a cylinder. One thing, however, is the initial purchase of a set: a cylinder, an MG valve, a diffuser…. will hit the budget.

Is it possible to do without CO2, but for a couple of bushes of simple plants ( cryptocorynes , echinodorus , most ludwigias , etc.).

What balloon systems can you recommend? The most budget option is an assembly from craftsmen who sell CO2 systems in VK and on forums. Everything is very high quality.

If you want a branded item, then we recommend the most inexpensive and at the same time high-quality CO2 systems from ISTA (Taiwan) . We have been using them for 5 years and recommend them to you.

On sale you will find two series of ISTA Aluminum CO2 Cylinder cylinders, with horizontal and vertical threads of 1 and 3 liters.

Fertilizers for an aquarium with plants . All fertilizers, of any brand, can be divided into MACRO-FERTILIZERS and MICRO-FERTILIZERS .

Macro fertilizers are nitrate NO3 and phosphate PO4 from which plants take N-nitrogen and P-phosphorus. These are the most important elements after CO2 - C-carbon.

Remember - Redfield's proportion rules . Always keep it under control and everything will be ok. Right, based on our observations, Redfield’s proportion rules only in full NPC proportions. Incomplete proportion - without carbon C does not give good results.

Micro fertilizers . These are all the other less important elements that are necessary for plants (see link). There is no point in putting too much emphasis on them. Firstly, all of them are contained in one quantity or another in tap water and are restored in the aquarium with changes. Secondly, an overdose of micro very quickly leads to an outbreak of algae.

A common mistake made by beginners is not understanding what they are pouring into the aquarium. For example, let's take such a popular and popular fertilizer as Tetra PlantaMin . Read the product summary at the link - it strengthens, stimulates, and gives a chic body shape.

A beginner, without delving into the essence, uses it and gets an outbreak of algae, writes on the forums - “Like, wow, what a bad Tetra.” And the trouble lies not in the drug, but in a lack of understanding of the nitrogen cycle and balance in the herbalist . The beginner has a Redfield bias (let’s say N and P are generally zero) and instead of making up for the lack of these primary elements, he fills the aquarium with Tetra PlantaMin - a micro-fertilizer (iron, potassium, manganese). As a result, going over the micro is only detrimental, because... plants lack the base - nitrogen and phosphorus.

Thus, you must understand what plants lack and understand fertilizers.

How to understand what plants lack? It's simple. Now the market is filled with a variety of expensive and not so expensive aquarium water tests. We recommend inexpensive domestic ones - VladOx drop tests , they are sold online and offline.

We also recommend, let’s not be afraid of this word, innovative domestic UHE tests . They are currently only sold online.

The minimum set of tests for an herbalist is NO3 and PO4. It is advisable to have the entire nitrogen range: NH4, NO2, NO3. As well as kH and pH tests.

Tests help us monitor the situation in the herbalist, but over time it is advisable to learn to see and feel the aquarium for yourself. With experience you need to move away from “convulsive testing”; the best aquarium test and tool is ourselves.

Let's summarize this part. Macro, it’s macro in Africa too. The link above generally contains a recipe on how to make them yourself. If you are not yet ready for self-mixing, then always and everywhere you will find a line of fertilizers from Tetra: Tetra Planta Macro , Tetra PlantaMicro , substrates, root tablets and much more .

Of course, there are many other brands that produce aquarium fertilizers. There is an opportunity, use even ADA products. All markers are different in taste and color. The main thing is to use it with a clear understanding of what you are using it for and what you want to get in the end.

From the professional line of fertilizers, at an adequate price, we can recommend Prodibo (soils, soils, macro, micro, stimulants, etc.).

So, something like a note turns into the Talmud. Which is not surprising - the topic is very broad. One moment left.

Water parameters for aquarium plants. Link1 and Link2 , please look at these articles, they cover the essence quite well.

Here we note that the quality of photosynthesis is influenced by the process of caring for the aquarium: water parameters (kH, pH below 7), high-quality filtration and aeration, competent and timely water changes.

Please study

Appointment in the aquarium

Java moss is also loved by aquarists for its versatility. It not only performs a decorative function, but also has a number of useful qualities.

The thickets are a safe place for spawning fish, which lay their eggs on their leaves. For this reason, Java moss is very often used in spawning tanks. Even in a general-species aquarium, in the case of spontaneous spawning, some of the eggs are preserved, since the “parents” and other inhabitants cannot get close to them and eat them. If necessary, the bushes chosen by the egg-laying fish for spawning are transferred from the general tank to the hatchery, where the eggs develop in safety. The thickets are used as spawning habitat by barbs, characin fish species, and representatives of the killfish family.

The benefits of moss are also obvious for juveniles. Due to the abundance of ciliates in the thickets, it is the main reservoir of food for young fish and shrimp.

The decorative function is not inferior in importance and provides great opportunities for expressing design ideas. Java moss was one of the first to be used to create aquascaping.

Aquadesign

With the help of Cameroon, it is easy to transform the decor of an aquarium and create a unique design in it. The ability of this moss to grow well into substrates makes it possible to plant it on many types of aquarium decorations, including stones, driftwood and lava. Lush, bright moss bushes can perform not only a decorative function, but also serve as a home for aquarium inhabitants. Some fish and dwarf freshwater aquarium shrimp use such bushes as shelter and a source of food.

Conditions for the growth of Java moss

Among aquarists, Java moss is valued for its vitality and suitability for cultivation in almost any conditions. It feels best at a water temperature of 22°C to 27°C; it can also be increased to approximately 30°C. Therefore, this species takes root in tropical aquariums without problems.

In colder water, the moss colony will also survive - but in this case, growth practically stops, and the leaves lose their brightness. The same thing happens in the absence of lighting. If you want to get lush green thickets in your artificial pond, make sure you have a bright light source.

Illumination is especially important for aquarium mosses during the rooting period - without it, the plant simply will not be able to develop a network of rhizoids and securely attach itself to the surface.

Due to the lack of roots, this species is unable to obtain nutrients from the soil. If you want to adapt the plant to your aquarium as quickly as possible or create a spectacular composition using Java moss in the shortest possible time, increase the lighting (daylight hours should be at least 8 hours) and add a small amount of fertilizer directly to the water. Tetra PlantaPro Macro or Tetra PlantaPro Micro liquid fertilizer is suitable for this purpose.

Another way to speed up colony growth is to supply CO2, for example using Tetra CO2 Plus.

Normal hardness (2-15°) and neutral pH (6.0-7.5) will also contribute to the comfortable existence of this plant in an artificial pond. But the purity of the water is much more important.

Java moss grows well throughout the year - subject to the minimum requirements for the composition and temperature of the water

The absence of suspended matter and foreign impurities in aquarium water is perhaps the only truly important requirement necessary for the existence of a Java moss colony. All nutrients can enter the plant only through the pores located in the leaves

If these pores are clogged with plaque, consisting of microscopic algae and small debris, the supply of nutrients is stopped and the plant may die.

You can prevent the appearance of plaque using a padding polyester filter. If it has managed to form on some leaves and stems, it is better to remove the lesion immediately by pinching off part of the stem.

What are mosses?

Bryophyta, or bryophytes, is a large division of the plant kingdom.

They differ from lower plants, such as algae and lichens:

• the presence of a body in the form of a shoot with a stem and leaves, less often in the form of a thallus (thallus);
• peculiarly arranged genitals;
• the correct alternation in the normal development cycle of a plant of two generations that are different in their morphology: gametophyte and sporophyte.

There are differences from higher plants:

• in mosses the sporophyte remains permanently attached to the gametophyte, while in other higher mosses it exists independently;
• no roots.

Ambulia

Ambulia - the owner of delicate leaves

Ambulia (Limnophila aquatic) is a beautiful large plant. If there is enough free space in the aquarium, it forms dense thickets. On a long and dense erect stem there are many needle-shaped leaves that form lush hats or umbrellas, the diameter of which sometimes reaches 12 cm. The height of the stems when kept at home usually does not exceed half a meter; in nature, the plant has a height of up to a meter.

From the editor: Ludwigia marsh or palustris

Ambulia is a good natural filter that will help you clean your aquarium of suspended matter and contaminants.

When keeping ambulia in aquariums, it is important to remember that it has its own daily cycle: in the evening its leaves fold, and the plant goes into hibernation for several hours, and in the morning the umbrellas open again. The intensity and mode of lighting have virtually no effect on the activity schedule of limnophila

The roots of the plant are well developed, so when placed in an aquarium, Limnophila is planted in the ground. It is enough to maintain the temperature in the container within the range from +22 to +28ºС, as well as neutral acidity. Water hardness is not particularly important. If the parameters deviate from the optimal ones, the plant slows down its growth and its color becomes paler, but ambulia is capable of surviving in such conditions for a short time.

The greatest danger to it comes from herbivorous fish, which are attracted to the delicate leaves. However, with good feeding, your pets will only destroy accidentally torn off shoots without violating the integrity of a healthy plant.

Selecting a location

Vertical and horizontal zones are equally suitable as a landing bridge. The main thing is that the surface structure is porous and rough. By preparing a special composition, you can turn ordinary moss on the wall into graffiti:

Mix in a blender a couple of pieces of washed moss, 1/3 cup of low-fat kefir, 1 tsp. granulated sugar, and 2-3 tbsp. hydrogel for flowers. Bring the mixture to a thick paste.

Using a stencil or a simple pencil, mark the outline of the figure. We collect the composition with a brush and apply it to the brickwork or concrete. The thicker the layer of paste, the thicker the edge will be.

Conditions for breeding

All types of mosses require almost the same conditions. Even if there are no plants of other species in the aquarium, moss will be an excellent alternative for decoration.

The main conditions for creating beautiful compositions:

1. The water temperature should be 20−25 ° C. Many species can tolerate higher temperatures, but at the same time they can stop growing and then begin to rot.
2. The water hardness should not be too high, but not too low. Many species will not survive in hard water, and in soft water they will turn yellow.
3. Lighting can be bright, as lots of light causes moss to grow faster.
4. Carbon dioxide is necessary for good growth, but the simplest types of aquarium moss grow without it. But rare and decorative species need carbon dioxide, so care must be taken to supply it artificially.
5. Micro and macroelements should be added when absolutely necessary, as some nitrates benefit some plants but harm others. Phosphorus, calcium and copper are suitable for all types of mosses.
6. There must be soil in the aquarium. It plays a very important role for all inhabitants, because it supports the vital activity of beneficial bacteria.
7. It is necessary to keep the aquarium clean and remove all debris in a timely manner.
8. Overgrown branches need to be removed, because new shoots shade the lower ones, and this leads to the death of the latter.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=XtvxxUy-6qA

Conditions for growing bryophytes

Aquarium mosses can easily adapt to any environmental conditions. Most varieties can exist perfectly well in the water temperature range of +15 ... +30 ° C. Light level is also not a critical criterion, nor is water hardness. The only thing that all aquarium plants, including moss, require is periodic partial renewal of water (20-30% of the total volume) to provide fresh minerals. To root new bryophytes on the substrate, they are tied, rolled with small stones and even glued. However, there are also types of aquarium mosses that do not even require temporary fixation. All of the above properties of mosses make them a universal material for decorating an aquarium.

Top dressing

All aquarium mosses need micro- and macroelements. Their content should vary depending on the specific plant species. This is due to the fact that, for example, an increase in the concentration of nitrates promotes an increase in the amount of chlorophyll (green pigment) in some varieties of mosses, but causes harm to others. Almost all bryophytes prefer ammonium rather than nitrates. Moreover, if you replace nitrates with ammonium, but the nitrogen concentration remains high, the plants will stop growing and may even die. Therefore, if urea is used instead of potassium nitrate, its dosage should be less.

As for copper, when it is contained in 1 liter of water in an amount of 0.01 mg, the concentration of chlorophyll becomes maximum, and if the dose is increased to 10 ml per liter, the chloroplast will lose its green color. Phosphorus, as a rule, has a beneficial effect on the development of aquarium mosses. And one of the most essential nutrients for these plants is calcium. However, in high concentrations this substance is harmful for true mosses (bryophytes), as it makes it difficult to absorb other cations.

Decorative properties of mosses

Most bryophytes are dwarf plants, the length of which rarely exceeds 4-5 cm. But there are also varieties of aquarium mosses that grow up to half a meter. Mosses do not have true stems or leaves. The plant parts that resemble stems are called caulidia, and the leaves are called phylloides. The most common types of aquarium mosses belong to the class of true mosses. Not so long ago, a limited number of varieties of these plants were used in aquarium keeping, but today their list has expanded significantly. Below are the most interesting aquarium mosses, photos of which will help you appreciate their magnificent decorative properties. Next, we will consider the most spectacular and popular varieties.

Reproduction

The process of propagating aquatic moss is quite simple. To begin, carefully separate a large branch from the main bush, after which it is temporarily attached to the prepared substrate with a nylon thread or fishing line. Soon the branch will give roots, strengthen in a new place, and the binding can be removed. You can also achieve a green carpet effect from Cameroon. This requires very bright lighting, but it is worth taking into account some nuances, for example, that the lower leaves will begin to turn yellow, and the stems will weaken and decrease in size, so the bush will no longer be attached to the substrate so tightly, and may even separate from it altogether. Also, to maintain the appearance of such a carpet, periodic pruning and removal of yellowed leaves is required.

Even an inexperienced aquarist can cope with the maintenance of Cameroon; you just need to follow all the requirements and recommendations for its maintenance, and then aquatic moss will become a decoration for any aquarium.

Planting Ideas

Java moss is a flexible and convenient tool for creating an unusual landscape in an artificial pond. The most popular uses for it are as a thick carpet on the bottom or on the back wall, as well as on driftwood and decorative boulders. But there are also more rare applications.

Idea 1: Mesh Carpet

Thickets of Java moss form a very impressive green background, against which both dark and light fish will be clearly visible. But to achieve results, you will have to be patient. To begin with, you will need a small mesh (mesh size no more than 8 mm) made of stainless steel or plastic, as well as suction cups or glue to fix it.

Distribute small bushes of Java moss evenly over the mesh and secure with fishing line (you will need to remove it yourself) or cotton threads (they will simply get wet over time and rot in the water).

To prevent the moss from drying out during the fixing process, spray it with water from a spray bottle or moisten it with a damp cloth.

Get ready for the fact that for the first week (or even two) your Java moss will hardly grow - during this time the rooting process occurs. Then the green mass will begin to increase quite quickly - and within 1-2 months you will get an ideal green surface.

A similar design can be installed not only on the wall of the aquarium, but also on the bottom, if your pets do not need special soil. A carpet of thick Java moss will be useful for breeding spawning fish.

Idea 2: On a stone or driftwood

This method is much easier to implement, and the result, with proper care of the composition, can be even more impressive!

Attach pieces of Java moss to the surface of a driftwood or stone in the same way as you would on a net - that is, wrap them with threads or fishing line and place them in a pond. After a few weeks, having grown, the plant will look like a lush crown of a tree or a green lawn on top of a cliff.

This method may require you to constantly monitor the shape and size of the colony - if it grows too much, simply remove excess branches to maintain a realistic appearance.

Idea 3: Story compositions

A little imagination combined with a good basis for creativity will help you create very unusual and vibrant compositions. So, a blank for a hobbit house can be half a coconut, on which aquarium moss is planted on top, evenly over the entire plane, and to model an abandoned hut or a sunken ship, you will need a full-fledged base made of wood or ceramics, made by yourself or ordered from a specialist. Be prepared for the fact that in this case the thickets of Java moss will need to be weeded regularly, and also make sure that the new decorative element will not interfere with any of the inhabitants of the artificial reservoir.

Moss decorations

Decorating an aquarium with moss allows you to create unique and spectacular underwater pictures. But this process requires hard work, thoroughness, it is very painstaking work.

Superglue, special threads, fishing line, and fine-mesh mesh are used for fixation.

When using glue, the composition is made outside the tank so as not to kill fish and other underwater inhabitants. In this case, the moss needs to be regularly sprayed with water and not allowed to dry out.

To create underwater compositions from Moss, you will also need other available means and tools: scissors, a sharp (for example, stationery) knife, special holders.

They try to distribute mosses over the selected surfaces in an even layer, avoiding layering of branches and creeping them on top of each other.

In order for the composition to look good, it is important to follow the following rules:

• Correctly adjust the nitrogen balance.
• Provide the necessary lighting.
• Regulate the cleanliness of the environment by timely updating of part of the volume and high-quality filtration.
• Timely use additional saturation with carbon dioxide and small doses of micro- and macro-fertilizer.
• Choose the right neighbors. For example, neons and tetras, swordtails, platies, mollies and, of course, shrimp, the true cleaners of these plants. Cichlids, algae eaters, and goldfish should be excluded.

The most popular among modern aquarists are compositions such as “Dense Forest” or “Underwater Slide”; a simple green wall also looks very beautiful.

The most famous decorator of artificial reservoirs in the world of today's aquarium hobby is Takashi Amano. It was he who introduced methods for saturating the reservoir with carbon dioxide, the use of natural shrimp aquatic organisms, special filtration systems and water conditioners, and many others.

The Japanese landscape photographer and aquarium artist created many unique aquascape paintings using Mosses and other aquatic plants, recreating the Amazon jungle, Chanthaburi mangroves, and underwater gardens of Zen temples.

Decorative types

These plants are not very common among aquarists due to their growing habits. But their content makes the aquarium design unique, because they have an unusual and beautiful appearance.

The most common exotic types of mosses:

Key (fontinalis). It consists of branching stems on which there are many triangular leaves. It grows up to 25 cm and serves as an excellent decoration for large aquariums. The main problem of its breeding is seasonality: the water temperature in summer should not exceed 25-27° C, and in winter - 5-8° C, because during this period fontinalis needs rest. In aquariums, the temperature in winter drops only a few degrees, and therefore Fontinalis does not live at home for more than a year. It reproduces by division and is very picky about cleanliness, so dirt needs to be removed often. Lighting should be moderate. Viviparous and charocin fish can be placed in an aquarium with fontinalis. But large ones, and especially those that dig the ground, are not suitable for proximity to this species.

Editorial: Macrognathus

Christmas. It gets its name from the hanging branches that overlap each other, similar to the branches of a Christmas tree. Hanging down, the leaves form a variety of beautiful weaves. Aquarists take advantage of this feature to create unique landscapes. This species does not require special housing conditions, but with low lighting levels, the absence of carbon dioxide, and rare water changes, it becomes not very fluffy. If the water temperature drops below 22°C, Christmas moss may stop growing.

Flame. One of the most original bryophytes. It is very dense and only grows upward. Its leaves are twisted and its branches are arranged in waves, which makes it look like tongues of flame. It is also distinguished by a darker color than other species. This moss is unpretentious in maintenance. Water parameters and lighting do not matter. Flames mainly grow on horizontal surfaces and are used to create "forest" landscapes.

Weeping. This species has branches that hang down, like a weeping willow. It is compact, dense and does not require frequent haircuts. Weeping moss grows 1-3 cm in length, and the cascading style is used on driftwood to create "trees" in the aquarium. It can be grown for landscape decoration in small aquariums

The species is unpretentious in care, but the ratio of lighting and amount of nutrients is important. If this is not the case, algae may appear and will need to be removed manually.

Cameroon

It has rounded leaves and looks like a fern. Its name means that it was brought from Cameroon. This species is one of the rarest. It grows very slowly, up to only 10 cm in length. It has dark green, sometimes transparent leaves. It's easy to maintain. The best habitat for it is soft water with an average level of light. This moss looks most beautiful on snags and stones, and its dense thickets are excellent for hiding small fish.

Singaporean. A common type that is often found on sale. It is a creeping moss with flattened oval leaves. This species is very hardy, suitable for small aquariums, but grows quickly in good light and requires frequent trimming. It is also suitable for forming a carpet on the bottom of an aquarium.

Choose one of the proposed options

Botanical description and natural habitat

Bryophytes (Bruophyta) are a huge section of higher plants, numbering more than twenty thousand species. They are united in more than 700 genera and 120 families. These are the oldest inhabitants of our planet, they are more than three hundred million years old.

Bryology deals with the study of Bryophytes; this is a large branch of botany.

Mosses are spore-bearing plants. According to a scientific point of view, they descended from psilophytes (extinct land plants), which, in turn, are descendants of even more ancient forms of fauna dating back to the end of the Devonian - the beginning of the Carboniferous period of the Paleozoic era.

Bryophytes lack flowers, roots, and a conducting system. Reproduction occurs with the help of spores that mature in a special sporangium organ in the diploid multicellular phase in the sporophyte life cycle of the plant.

Photo gallery Mkhov:

The sporophyte or sporogonium of mosses has a simpler structure than that of other higher plants. It does not take root and consists directly of the sporangium itself, the leg that supports it, and the foot associated with the gametophyte (produces gametes - special germ cells).

These are mostly small plant formations (up to 45-50 mm), but aquatic species can be much larger (about 50-70 cm).

Mosses are found on all continents of our planet, even in Antarctica. They grow in dense colonies in shaded areas near water or in fresh environments (they do not grow in marine environments). But swamps are very fond of these plants and often contribute to their spread through their growth.

In the tundra, mosses completely cover the soil and create their own biocenosis (an environment for the development of various living organisms).

These unique plants are able to absorb and retain water, as well as absorb radioactive substances. A dense carpet of mosses often makes it difficult to work on agricultural land, but it protects the soil from erosion.

Some sphang varieties of mosses are used in medicine; in addition, peat is formed on their basis. Moss is an excellent insulation material for building houses, and when growing many garden and indoor plants, it serves as a kind of filler.

Photo of decorative moss for the garden

Types of moss for garden design

Despite the fact that there are thousands of varieties of moss, only a small part is used to decorate the garden. The most common among them:

Leucobrium. It is distinguished by its bluish, light green color and velvety turf. Does well in the shade, but can survive in the sun. Occasionally you can find yellow or brown juniper leucobrium.

Subulate phlox. Strictly speaking, this perennial is not a bryophyte, but due to its short stature and density it resembles flowering moss.

It is not surprising that its second name is moss carnation. The birthplace of the flower is North America. It was from there that this low-growing plant of pink, lilac, white, and purple colors moved to our region.

Kukushkin flax (Polytrichum). A compact, elongated columnar plant up to 40 cm high. Prefers marshy, acidified soil and shade.

Reproduction

Propagation of Java moss is very simple: it requires a large, healthy plant. Divide the mother colony into pieces and move the segments to a new location.

Place small pieces of moss on the surface where you want them to appear and secure with regular cotton thread. Over time, the threads dissolve or are simply hidden under a thick layer of moss, and a beautiful, even green canvas is formed.

This ease of reproduction undoubtedly speaks in favor of aquarium moss, but keep in mind that a twig forgotten in a container after cutting or simply accidentally torn from a bush can give rise to a new colony, forming it in the place where it wants. This is not always convenient.

Immediately after transplantation, increase the amount of lighting - make sure that daylight hours are maintained within 8 hours, and the lighting level is sufficient for comfortable growth and development of Java moss. Then the plant will quickly take root and begin to produce new shoots.

Reproduction and planting of mosses

Mosses are very easy to plant or propagate by simply breaking off a twig or part of a bush and securing this fragment in the right place using fishing line, threads, superglue or fine mesh.

It is better to choose a porous surface, then the rhizoids will easily attach and allow the sprout to fix well.

The main thing for the successful reproduction of moss beetles is a clean aquatic environment. To ensure this parameter, good filtration is needed, replacing part of the liquid every week and special treatment.